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The importance of managing stress

The importance of managing stress

At this stage of our lives, we may be enjoying a slower pace of life. However, this may also be the stage where we take on new roles and face some changes to our previous routines, e.g. we might be retiring from the hustle and bustle of working life and moving into a new role as a caregiver for our grandchildren.

Some of us might also need to learn about coping with grief and loneliness as our spouse and/or peers pass on. Such new experiences and transitions might bring about stress.

Hence, it is important to take care of our mental well-being by understanding and managing our stress.

Why do we feel stressed?

Stress is a common word that we hear often. We all seem to know what it’s like to feel stressed but what exactly does it mean?

Stress is a normal response to everyday pressures. Daily needs and demands such as responsibilities, decisions, relationships, and money can cause stress.

Stressors trigger the release of two types of hormones in the body — adrenaline and cortisol.

Adrenaline

Adrenaline is a fight-or-flight hormone. It causes an increase in heart rate, breathing and blood sugar levels. It also diverts blood flow from our digestive system to our muscles.

Cortisol

Cortisol is a stress hormone, triggered when we feel threatened. It directs energy from other parts of the body to the brain to deal with the threat. After the danger has passed, cortisol levels should decrease and return to a normal state.

However, if we are under constant stress, excessive cortisol could lead to health problems such as rapid weight gain, high blood pressure, etc.

Why do we feel stressed?

Fight, Flight or Freeze:
The three natural coping responses

Fight

Fight

This means our bodies are physically prepared to confront the real or perceived danger.
Flight

Flight

This means we are preparing to run away from the stressor.
Freeze

Freeze

This means being unable to respond in the presence of the stressor.

Stress can be triggered by both positive and negative events in our lives. Even happy events can cause stress if they bring about major changes.

Stress is caused by our perception or evaluation of situations. When we feel an event is threatening and beyond our ability to cope with it, we would become stressed. For example, having to care for a grandchild may come across as stressful if we have not taken care of a young child in a long time, but someone else may see it as a challenge and feel excited about it.

Common causes include:

Personal

Personal

  • Feeling alone
  • Feeling dependent
  • Post-retirement lifestyle
  • Relationships with friends and family
  • Death of loved ones
  • Relocation
  • Divorce
Financial

Financial

  • Being financially dependent
  • Debt
Environmental triggers

Environmental triggers

  • Excessive noise
  • Traffic jams
  • Time pressure
  • Stress faced by people around us
Work

Work

  • Performance pressure
  • Balancing work with family and personal needs
  • Unemployment
  • Challenges at work, e.g. not being able to meet deadlines
Health & safety

Health & safety

  • Health of family member
  • Illness
  • Epidemic
  • Accidents
  • Injury

Everyone responds to stress with different levels of intensity. Our body sends out various physical, cognitive, behavioural, and emotional warning signs, such as:

What are the signs of stress?

Physical
Signs

(How your body might react)

  • Headaches, migraines
  • Stomach aches
  • Muscle tension
  • Rapid heartbeats
  • Sweaty palms
  • Trembling
  • Chronic fatigue

Cognitive
Signs

(How you might think)

  • Poor concentration
  • Forgetfulness
  • Difficulty in organising and making decisions

Behavioural
Signs

(How you might behave)

  • Acting in a defensive, aggressive or impulsive manner
  • Nervous habits (e.g. stammering or biting nails)
  • Avoidance of tasks
  • Withdrawal from social activities
  • Drinking or smoking excessively
  • Sleep problems
  • Crying
  • Loss of appetite or overeating

Emotional
Signs

(How you might feel)

  • Anxiety and being bad-tempered
  • Excessive worrying, moody
  • Sadness, fear
  • Feeling overwhelmed
  • Restlessness or irritability

How does prolonged stress affect us?

Prolonged stress (stress that lasts for a long time) exposes our body constantly to the effects of adrenaline or cortisol and may lead to health problems such as:

Decreased immunity levels, thereby increasing our chances of getting colds and other illnesses Decreased immunity levels, thereby increasing our chances of getting colds and other illnesses
Worsening of asthmatic conditions Worsening of asthmatic conditions
Increased blood pressure that will raise the risk for stroke, heart attacks and kidney problems Increased blood pressure that will raise the risk for stroke, heart attacks and kidney problems
Digestive problems like stomach ulcers, indigestion, constipation, or diarrhoea Digestive problems like stomach ulcers, indigestion, constipation, or diarrhoea
Nervous breakdowns or mental conditions such as depression Nervous breakdowns or mental conditions such as depression

Stress self-assessment
tool

Stress self-assessment tool

Stress is a normal response to everyday pressures.

The Stress subscale is a set of 7 questions adapted from the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) that those aged 14 and above can use to assess their reactions to stress levels and ability to relax.

Please note this is a self-assessment and not a medical diagnosis.

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