What is genetic testing?
Genetic testing is a way to learn more about your unique DNA, RNA, genes and chromosomes. There are two main types of genetic testing: clinical genetic testing and non-clinical genetic testing.
In Singapore, clinical genetic testing is regulated and can only be offered by doctors to ensure accuracy and your safety.
What about DTC genetic testing?
DTC genetic tests can be purchased by consumers directly from the provider without the involvement of a doctor. These tests are generally non-clinical genetic tests and usually accessed from local, overseas or online stores.
When taking a DTC genetic test, consumers are usually required to send a DNA sample - such as a cheek swab or saliva - to the DTC provider for analysis before the test report with the genetic information is returned to the consumer.
Before proceeding with DTC genetic testing, it's crucial to understand important considerations such as the risks associated with DTC genetic testing to safeguard your privacy, safety and wellbeing.
Things to keep in mind
1. Some DTC genetic tests may claim to provide information on one's risk of developing certain medical conditions.
These tests may contain disclaimers like "this test does not diagnose or predict any health conditions or recommend medical action." Always exercise caution and be mindful of how you interpret the results.
DTC genetic tests available in Singapore are usually non-clinical in nature (e.g., ancestry or wellness). Some overseas providers, however, offer tests that may seem clinical based on their claims. For instance, test reports might include information on the risks of certain medical conditions, which can be misinterpreted as a medical diagnoses (i.e., clinical genetic testing). This may mislead consumers to believe that they are at risk of developing certain diseases.
Without proper clinical validation (how accurately a test identifies a condition) or clinical utility (how useful a test is for making health decisions), some tests could make exaggerated claims about genetics and health.
In addition, some test reports may contain vague advice or recommendations that may not be meaningful or scientifically backed. These DTC tests, which appear to be clinical in nature, may not be reliable as they might lack strong scientific or clinical evidence.
To stay safe, it's important not to rely on DTC genetic test results for medical information. If you are considering genetic testing for any medical purposes, it's a good idea to talk to your doctor or seek professional medical advice if you are unsure.
2. DTC genetic tests may not be reliable. See a doctor for advice.
DTC genetic test results can reveal unexpected results, but they are not always reliable. That's why it's important to interpret the test results with caution. If you have any health concerns, it's best to consult your doctor for professional advice.
Your genes are just one piece of the puzzle when it comes to your health. A doctor will take a holistic approach, considering other factors before recommending the right tests. They can also help explain your results and guide you on the next steps to help you make informed health decisions.
3. Safeguarding your genetic data
When using DTC genetic tests, it's vital to know that your genetic data may be shared with third parties for purposes like research, marketing, or service improvements even after you have taken the test. As your genetic makeup is closely linked to your family members, any shared data could also affect them.
You should also consider these steps to safeguard yourself if you choose to proceed with DTC genetic tests:
- Review the provider's "Terms and Conditions" to understand how your data will be used and protected. Contact the provider if you have any doubts.
- Look our for key details such as:
- How the provider keeps your information confidential.
- The purpose for which your data may be shared.
- What happens to your data if the company closes.
- Whether you can request for your data to be deleted from their database.
In Singapore, there is a moratorium in place which protects your DTC genetic test results. Under the Moratorium Genetic Testing and Insurance, insurers are not allowed to request the disclosure of or use DTC genetic test results for insurance underwriting.
Frequently asked questions (FAQs)
Can I use DTC genetic testing for relationship or paternity testing?
Some DTC genetic tests provide for DNA relationship testing. As DTC genetic tests are not always reliable, it's important to be cautious when using such tests. For professional advice, consider visiting a polyclinic or private medical clinic where a doctor can recommend the appropriate type of genetic test and address any related health concerns.
Does MOH have a recommended list of hospitals or doctors that provide clinical genetic testing?
MOH does not provide a specific list of hospitals or doctors offering clinical genetic testing services (CGTS) as these tests are provided by different medical specialties based on a patient's health needs. If you're considering CGTS, here are some steps you can take:
- Consult a doctor at a polyclinic or private medical clinic for guidance and a referral to the appropriate specialist or
- Reach out to service providers directly to find out more about their available tests and arrange an appointment.
More information
- Guidance on the Provision of Non-Clinical Genetic Testing
- Code of Practice (COP) on the Standards for the Provision of Clinical Genetic/Genomic Testing (CGT) Services and Clinical Laboratory Genetic/Genomic Testing (LGT) Services
Contact information
If you have any further queries or would like to seek clarification on DTC genetic testing, please contact MOH via email at HCSA_Enquiries@moh.gov.sg
For other enquiries, you can contact MOH using the following information.
- For general enquiries: 63259220
- For service-related matters: 1800 225 4122*
*Operating hours are from Mondays to Fridays (excluding public holidays), 8.30am - 6.00pm.
Contributed By
- Ministry of Health