Vapes
It may come in bright colours or bold flavours but what’s hiding inside is not harmless. Vapes heat up a cocktail of chemicals into vapour. Click to unpack what’s really inside — and what it could be doing to you and your body.
It may come in bright colours or bold flavours but what’s hiding inside is not harmless. Vapes heat up a cocktail of chemicals into vapour. Click to unpack what’s really inside — and what it could be doing to you and your body.
Vitamin E Acetate
This oily chemical can be found in vape liquids. While it’s safe to eat in food, inhaling it can cause serious damage to your lungs.
-
01
Can coat the lungs and block oxygen flow1
-
02
Symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue
-
03
Widely found in vape products
-
04
Linked to EVALI (a vaping-related lung illness)2
-
Soto B, Costanzo L, Puskoor A, Akkari N, Geraghty P. The implications of Vitamin E acetate in e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury. Ann Thorac Med. 2023;18:1–9. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10034821/
-
Blount BC, Karwowski MP, Shields PG, Morel-Espinosa M, Valentin-Blasini L, Gardner M, et al. Vitamin E Acetate in Bronchoalveolar-Lavage Fluid Associated with E-cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use–Associated Lung Injury. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(8):697–705. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1916433
Nicotine
Nicotine, the highly addictive chemical in cigarettes, is found in even more concentrated amounts in vape liquids and refills. Overuse can lead to nicotine poisoning2.
-
01
Dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, slowing of the heart and breathing rate — typical warning signs of nicotine poisoning1
-
02
Leaking vape liquids can cause skin contamination
-
03
Disrupted brain chemistry and mood disorders
-
04
Irresistible urges and impulse control issues
-
05
Difficulty concentrating, reduced focus and cognition3
-
Paik JH, Kang S, Durey A, Kim JH, Kim AJ. Symptomatic bradycardia due to nicotine intoxication. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2018;30(1):121–126. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5885240/.
-
Miller A. Nicotine poisoning increases due to e-cigarettes. CMAJ. 2014;186(10):E367. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4081231/.
-
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health. Health effects of e-cigarette use among U.S. youth and young adults. In: E-cigarette use among youth and young adults: A report of the Surgeon General Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2016. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538688/?report=reader.
Hidden Drugs and Poisons
Vape pods could also include other drugs and poisons that will harm your body. One such substance is etomidate, an anaesthetic meant for controlled hospital use that can be dangerous when misused. One puff could shut down your body and leave you unconscious, fighting for your life before help even arrives.
-
01
You could black out without warning, putting you in dangerous situations especially if you're alone or in public1
-
02
Your adrenal glands can get shut down, so even minor illnesses or injuries can become serious or life-threatening2
-
03
Can harm you from the inside by disrupting your hormones and messing with your blood pressure3
-
04
Can cause seizures, breathing problems, or even shock4
-
Yeung JK, Zed PJ. A review of etomidate for rapid sequence intubation in the emergency department. Can J Emerg Med. 2002;4(3):194–198. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-journal-of-emergency-medicine/article/review-of-etomidate-for-rapid-sequence-intubation-in-the-emergency-department/A864B26D10CA7F61DF74757241E01CBE
-
Sunshine JE, Deem S, Weiss NS, et al. Etomidate, adrenal function, and mortality in critically ill patients. Respir Care. 2013 Apr;58(4):639–646. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22906838/
-
Albert SG, Sitaula S. Etomidate, adrenal insufficiency and mortality associated with severity of illness: a meta-analysis. J Intensive Care Med. 2021 Oct;36(10):1124–1129. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32912050/
-
Williams LM, Boyd KL, Fitzgerald BM. Etomidate. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan. PMID: 30570985. Bookshelf ID NBK535364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535364/ Perier F, Chateauneuf AL, Jacq G, et al. Comparison of etomidate and sodium thiopental for induction during rapid sequence intubation in convulsive status epilepticus: a retrospective single-center study. Seizure. 2018 Oct;61:170–176. https://www.seizure-journal.com/article/S1059-1311%2818%2930421-7/fulltext
Cancerous Chemicals
Not just nicotine — you could be exposed to substances known to cause cancer over time.1
-
01
You could be consuming formaldehyde, benzene, heavy metals and more
-
02
Long-term exposure increases risk of lung, throat, and blood cancers2
-
03
Some chemicals are even found in car exhaust and paint thinners
-
04
Damage happens quietly, over time
-
Shehata SA, Toraih EA, Ismail EA, Hagras AM, Elmorsy E, Fawzy MS. Vaping, Environmental Toxicants Exposure, and Lung Cancer Risk. Cancers (Basel). 2023 Sep 12;15(18):4525. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10526315/
-
Sahu R, Shah K, Malviya R, Paliwal D, Sagar S, Singh S, Prajapati BG, Bhattacharya S. E-Cigarettes and Associated Health Risks: An Update on Cancer Potential. Adv Respir Med. 2023 Nov 14;91(6):516-531. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10660480/
Particulate Matter
Tiny particles get deep into your lungs when you vape.2 They can cause swelling and make it harder for you to breathe. Particulate matter is harmful to vapers as well as others in the same indoor space.
-
01
Can cause lung inflammation1
-
02
Triggers shortness of breath and chronic coughing
-
03
Can worsen asthma or respiratory issues
-
04
Linked to long-term lung damage
-
Park JA, Crotty Alexander LE, Christiani DC. Vaping and lung inflammation and injury. Annu Rev Physiol. 2022;84:611–629. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10228557/.
-
Allbright K, Villandre J, Crotty Alexander LE, Zhang M, Benam KH, Evankovich J, et al. The paradox of the safer cigarette: understanding the pulmonary effects of electronic cigarettes. Eur Respir J. 2024 Jun 28;63(6):2301494. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12077657/.
Vitamin E Acetate
This oily chemical can be found in vape liquids. While it’s safe to eat in food, inhaling it can cause serious damage to your lungs.
-
01
Can coat the lungs and block oxygen flow1
-
02
Symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue
-
03
Widely found in vape products
-
04
Linked to EVALI (a vaping-related lung illness)2
-
Soto B, Costanzo L, Puskoor A, Akkari N, Geraghty P. The implications of Vitamin E acetate in e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury. Ann Thorac Med. 2023;18:1–9. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10034821/
-
Blount BC, Karwowski MP, Shields PG, Morel-Espinosa M, Valentin-Blasini L, Gardner M, et al. Vitamin E Acetate in Bronchoalveolar-Lavage Fluid Associated with E-cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use–Associated Lung Injury. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(8):697–705. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1916433
Nicotine
Nicotine, the highly addictive chemical in cigarettes, is found in even more concentrated amounts in vape liquids and refills. Overuse can lead to nicotine poisoning2.
-
01
Dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, slowing of the heart and breathing rate — typical warning signs of nicotine poisoning1
-
02
Leaking vape liquids can cause skin contamination
-
03
Disrupted brain chemistry and mood disorders
-
04
Irresistible urges and impulse control issues
-
05
Difficulty concentrating, reduced focus and cognition3
-
Paik JH, Kang S, Durey A, Kim JH, Kim AJ. Symptomatic bradycardia due to nicotine intoxication. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2018;30(1):121–126. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5885240/.
-
Miller A. Nicotine poisoning increases due to e-cigarettes. CMAJ. 2014;186(10):E367. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4081231/.
-
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health. Health effects of e-cigarette use among U.S. youth and young adults. In: E-cigarette use among youth and young adults: A report of the Surgeon General Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2016. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538688/?report=reader.
Hidden Drugs and Poisons
Vape pods could also include other drugs and poisons that will harm your body. One such substance is etomidate, an anaesthetic meant for controlled hospital use that can be dangerous when misused. One puff could shut down your body and leave you unconscious, fighting for your life before help even arrives.
-
01
You could black out without warning, putting you in dangerous situations especially if you're alone or in public1
-
02
Your adrenal glands can get shut down, so even minor illnesses or injuries can become serious or life-threatening2
-
03
Can harm you from the inside by disrupting your hormones and messing with your blood pressure3
-
04
Can cause seizures, breathing problems, or even shock4
-
Yeung JK, Zed PJ. A review of etomidate for rapid sequence intubation in the emergency department. Can J Emerg Med. 2002;4(3):194–198. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-journal-of-emergency-medicine/article/review-of-etomidate-for-rapid-sequence-intubation-in-the-emergency-department/A864B26D10CA7F61DF74757241E01CBE
-
Sunshine JE, Deem S, Weiss NS, et al. Etomidate, adrenal function, and mortality in critically ill patients. Respir Care. 2013 Apr;58(4):639–646. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22906838/
-
Albert SG, Sitaula S. Etomidate, adrenal insufficiency and mortality associated with severity of illness: a meta-analysis. J Intensive Care Med. 2021 Oct;36(10):1124–1129. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32912050/
-
Williams LM, Boyd KL, Fitzgerald BM. Etomidate. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan. PMID: 30570985. Bookshelf ID NBK535364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535364/ Perier F, Chateauneuf AL, Jacq G, et al. Comparison of etomidate and sodium thiopental for induction during rapid sequence intubation in convulsive status epilepticus: a retrospective single-center study. Seizure. 2018 Oct;61:170–176. https://www.seizure-journal.com/article/S1059-1311%2818%2930421-7/fulltext
Cancerous Chemicals
Not just nicotine — you could be exposed to substances known to cause cancer over time.1
-
01
You could be consuming formaldehyde, benzene, heavy metals and more
-
02
Long-term exposure increases risk of lung, throat, and blood cancers2
-
03
Some chemicals are even found in car exhaust and paint thinners
-
04
Damage happens quietly, over time
-
Shehata SA, Toraih EA, Ismail EA, Hagras AM, Elmorsy E, Fawzy MS. Vaping, Environmental Toxicants Exposure, and Lung Cancer Risk. Cancers (Basel). 2023 Sep 12;15(18):4525. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10526315/
-
Sahu R, Shah K, Malviya R, Paliwal D, Sagar S, Singh S, Prajapati BG, Bhattacharya S. E-Cigarettes and Associated Health Risks: An Update on Cancer Potential. Adv Respir Med. 2023 Nov 14;91(6):516-531. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10660480/
Particulate Matter
Tiny particles get deep into your lungs when you vape.2 They can cause swelling and make it harder for you to breathe. Particulate matter is harmful to vapers as well as others in the same indoor space.
-
01
Can cause lung inflammation1
-
02
Triggers shortness of breath and chronic coughing
-
03
Can worsen asthma or respiratory issues
-
04
Linked to long-term lung damage
-
Park JA, Crotty Alexander LE, Christiani DC. Vaping and lung inflammation and injury. Annu Rev Physiol. 2022;84:611–629. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10228557/.
-
Allbright K, Villandre J, Crotty Alexander LE, Zhang M, Benam KH, Evankovich J, et al. The paradox of the safer cigarette: understanding the pulmonary effects of electronic cigarettes. Eur Respir J. 2024 Jun 28;63(6):2301494. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12077657/.
Vitamin E Acetate
This oily chemical can be found in vape liquids. While it’s safe to eat in food, inhaling it can cause serious damage to your lungs.
-
01
Can coat the lungs and block oxygen flow1
-
02
Symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue
-
03
Widely found in vape products
-
04
Linked to EVALI (a vaping-related lung illness)2
-
Soto B, Costanzo L, Puskoor A, Akkari N, Geraghty P. The implications of Vitamin E acetate in e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury. Ann Thorac Med. 2023;18:1–9. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10034821/
-
Blount BC, Karwowski MP, Shields PG, Morel-Espinosa M, Valentin-Blasini L, Gardner M, et al. Vitamin E Acetate in Bronchoalveolar-Lavage Fluid Associated with E-cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use–Associated Lung Injury. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(8):697–705. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1916433
Nicotine
Nicotine, the highly addictive chemical in cigarettes, is found in even more concentrated amounts in vape liquids and refills. Overuse can lead to nicotine poisoning2.
-
01
Dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, slowing of the heart and breathing rate — typical warning signs of nicotine poisoning1
-
02
Leaking vape liquids can cause skin contamination
-
03
Disrupted brain chemistry and mood disorders
-
04
Irresistible urges and impulse control issues
-
05
Difficulty concentrating, reduced focus and cognition3
-
Paik JH, Kang S, Durey A, Kim JH, Kim AJ. Symptomatic bradycardia due to nicotine intoxication. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2018;30(1):121–126. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5885240/.
-
Miller A. Nicotine poisoning increases due to e-cigarettes. CMAJ. 2014;186(10):E367. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4081231/.
-
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health. Health effects of e-cigarette use among U.S. youth and young adults. In: E-cigarette use among youth and young adults: A report of the Surgeon General Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2016. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538688/?report=reader.
Hidden Drugs and Poisons
Vape pods could also include other drugs and poisons that will harm your body. One such substance is etomidate, an anaesthetic meant for controlled hospital use that can be dangerous when misused. One puff could shut down your body and leave you unconscious, fighting for your life before help even arrives.
-
01
You could black out without warning, putting you in dangerous situations especially if you're alone or in public1
-
02
Your adrenal glands can get shut down, so even minor illnesses or injuries can become serious or life-threatening2
-
03
Can harm you from the inside by disrupting your hormones and messing with your blood pressure3
-
04
Can cause seizures, breathing problems, or even shock4
-
Yeung JK, Zed PJ. A review of etomidate for rapid sequence intubation in the emergency department. Can J Emerg Med. 2002;4(3):194–198. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-journal-of-emergency-medicine/article/review-of-etomidate-for-rapid-sequence-intubation-in-the-emergency-department/A864B26D10CA7F61DF74757241E01CBE
-
Sunshine JE, Deem S, Weiss NS, et al. Etomidate, adrenal function, and mortality in critically ill patients. Respir Care. 2013 Apr;58(4):639–646. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22906838/
-
Albert SG, Sitaula S. Etomidate, adrenal insufficiency and mortality associated with severity of illness: a meta-analysis. J Intensive Care Med. 2021 Oct;36(10):1124–1129. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32912050/
-
Williams LM, Boyd KL, Fitzgerald BM. Etomidate. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan. PMID: 30570985. Bookshelf ID NBK535364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535364/ Perier F, Chateauneuf AL, Jacq G, et al. Comparison of etomidate and sodium thiopental for induction during rapid sequence intubation in convulsive status epilepticus: a retrospective single-center study. Seizure. 2018 Oct;61:170–176. https://www.seizure-journal.com/article/S1059-1311%2818%2930421-7/fulltext
Cancerous Chemicals
Not just nicotine — you could be exposed to substances known to cause cancer over time.1
-
01
You could be consuming formaldehyde, benzene, heavy metals and more
-
02
Long-term exposure increases risk of lung, throat, and blood cancers2
-
03
Some chemicals are even found in car exhaust and paint thinners
-
04
Damage happens quietly, over time
-
Shehata SA, Toraih EA, Ismail EA, Hagras AM, Elmorsy E, Fawzy MS. Vaping, Environmental Toxicants Exposure, and Lung Cancer Risk. Cancers (Basel). 2023 Sep 12;15(18):4525. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10526315/
-
Sahu R, Shah K, Malviya R, Paliwal D, Sagar S, Singh S, Prajapati BG, Bhattacharya S. E-Cigarettes and Associated Health Risks: An Update on Cancer Potential. Adv Respir Med. 2023 Nov 14;91(6):516-531. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10660480/
Particulate Matter
Tiny particles get deep into your lungs when you vape.2 They can cause swelling and make it harder for you to breathe. Particulate matter is harmful to vapers as well as others in the same indoor space.
-
01
Can cause lung inflammation1
-
02
Triggers shortness of breath and chronic coughing
-
03
Can worsen asthma or respiratory issues
-
04
Linked to long-term lung damage
-
Park JA, Crotty Alexander LE, Christiani DC. Vaping and lung inflammation and injury. Annu Rev Physiol. 2022;84:611–629. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10228557/.
-
Allbright K, Villandre J, Crotty Alexander LE, Zhang M, Benam KH, Evankovich J, et al. The paradox of the safer cigarette: understanding the pulmonary effects of electronic cigarettes. Eur Respir J. 2024 Jun 28;63(6):2301494. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12077657/.
Vitamin E Acetate
This oily chemical can be found in vape liquids. While it’s safe to eat in food, inhaling it can cause serious damage to your lungs.
-
01
Can coat the lungs and block oxygen flow1
-
02
Symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue
-
03
Widely found in vape products
-
04
Linked to EVALI (a vaping-related lung illness)2
-
Soto B, Costanzo L, Puskoor A, Akkari N, Geraghty P. The implications of Vitamin E acetate in e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury. Ann Thorac Med. 2023;18:1–9. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10034821/
-
Blount BC, Karwowski MP, Shields PG, Morel-Espinosa M, Valentin-Blasini L, Gardner M, et al. Vitamin E Acetate in Bronchoalveolar-Lavage Fluid Associated with E-cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use–Associated Lung Injury. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(8):697–705. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1916433
Nicotine
Nicotine, the highly addictive chemical in cigarettes, is found in even more concentrated amounts in vape liquids and refills. Overuse can lead to nicotine poisoning2.
-
01
Dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, slowing of the heart and breathing rate — typical warning signs of nicotine poisoning1
-
02
Leaking vape liquids can cause skin contamination
-
03
Disrupted brain chemistry and mood disorders
-
04
Irresistible urges and impulse control issues
-
05
Difficulty concentrating, reduced focus and cognition3
-
Paik JH, Kang S, Durey A, Kim JH, Kim AJ. Symptomatic bradycardia due to nicotine intoxication. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2018;30(1):121–126. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5885240/.
-
Miller A. Nicotine poisoning increases due to e-cigarettes. CMAJ. 2014;186(10):E367. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4081231/.
-
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health. Health effects of e-cigarette use among U.S. youth and young adults. In: E-cigarette use among youth and young adults: A report of the Surgeon General Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2016. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538688/?report=reader.
Hidden Drugs and Poisons
Vape pods could also include other drugs and poisons that will harm your body. One such substance is etomidate, an anaesthetic meant for controlled hospital use that can be dangerous when misused. One puff could shut down your body and leave you unconscious, fighting for your life before help even arrives.
-
01
You could black out without warning, putting you in dangerous situations especially if you're alone or in public1
-
02
Your adrenal glands can get shut down, so even minor illnesses or injuries can become serious or life-threatening2
-
03
Can harm you from the inside by disrupting your hormones and messing with your blood pressure3
-
04
Can cause seizures, breathing problems, or even shock4
-
Yeung JK, Zed PJ. A review of etomidate for rapid sequence intubation in the emergency department. Can J Emerg Med. 2002;4(3):194–198. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-journal-of-emergency-medicine/article/review-of-etomidate-for-rapid-sequence-intubation-in-the-emergency-department/A864B26D10CA7F61DF74757241E01CBE
-
Sunshine JE, Deem S, Weiss NS, et al. Etomidate, adrenal function, and mortality in critically ill patients. Respir Care. 2013 Apr;58(4):639–646. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22906838/
-
Albert SG, Sitaula S. Etomidate, adrenal insufficiency and mortality associated with severity of illness: a meta-analysis. J Intensive Care Med. 2021 Oct;36(10):1124–1129. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32912050/
-
Williams LM, Boyd KL, Fitzgerald BM. Etomidate. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan. PMID: 30570985. Bookshelf ID NBK535364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535364/ Perier F, Chateauneuf AL, Jacq G, et al. Comparison of etomidate and sodium thiopental for induction during rapid sequence intubation in convulsive status epilepticus: a retrospective single-center study. Seizure. 2018 Oct;61:170–176. https://www.seizure-journal.com/article/S1059-1311%2818%2930421-7/fulltext
Cancerous Chemicals
Not just nicotine — you could be exposed to substances known to cause cancer over time.1
-
01
You could be consuming formaldehyde, benzene, heavy metals and more
-
02
Long-term exposure increases risk of lung, throat, and blood cancers2
-
03
Some chemicals are even found in car exhaust and paint thinners
-
04
Damage happens quietly, over time
-
Shehata SA, Toraih EA, Ismail EA, Hagras AM, Elmorsy E, Fawzy MS. Vaping, Environmental Toxicants Exposure, and Lung Cancer Risk. Cancers (Basel). 2023 Sep 12;15(18):4525. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10526315/
-
Sahu R, Shah K, Malviya R, Paliwal D, Sagar S, Singh S, Prajapati BG, Bhattacharya S. E-Cigarettes and Associated Health Risks: An Update on Cancer Potential. Adv Respir Med. 2023 Nov 14;91(6):516-531. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10660480/
Particulate Matter
Tiny particles get deep into your lungs when you vape.2 They can cause swelling and make it harder for you to breathe. Particulate matter is harmful to vapers as well as others in the same indoor space.
-
01
Can cause lung inflammation1
-
02
Triggers shortness of breath and chronic coughing
-
03
Can worsen asthma or respiratory issues
-
04
Linked to long-term lung damage
-
Park JA, Crotty Alexander LE, Christiani DC. Vaping and lung inflammation and injury. Annu Rev Physiol. 2022;84:611–629. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10228557/.
-
Allbright K, Villandre J, Crotty Alexander LE, Zhang M, Benam KH, Evankovich J, et al. The paradox of the safer cigarette: understanding the pulmonary effects of electronic cigarettes. Eur Respir J. 2024 Jun 28;63(6):2301494. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12077657/.
Vitamin E Acetate
This oily chemical can be found in vape liquids. While it’s safe to eat in food, inhaling it can cause serious damage to your lungs.
-
01
Can coat the lungs and block oxygen flow1
-
02
Symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue
-
03
Widely found in vape products
-
04
Linked to EVALI (a vaping-related lung illness)2
-
Soto B, Costanzo L, Puskoor A, Akkari N, Geraghty P. The implications of Vitamin E acetate in e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury. Ann Thorac Med. 2023;18:1–9. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10034821/
-
Blount BC, Karwowski MP, Shields PG, Morel-Espinosa M, Valentin-Blasini L, Gardner M, et al. Vitamin E Acetate in Bronchoalveolar-Lavage Fluid Associated with E-cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use–Associated Lung Injury. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(8):697–705. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1916433
Nicotine
Nicotine, the highly addictive chemical in cigarettes, is found in even more concentrated amounts in vape liquids and refills. Overuse can lead to nicotine poisoning2.
-
01
Dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, slowing of the heart and breathing rate — typical warning signs of nicotine poisoning1
-
02
Leaking vape liquids can cause skin contamination
-
03
Disrupted brain chemistry and mood disorders
-
04
Irresistible urges and impulse control issues
-
05
Difficulty concentrating, reduced focus and cognition3
-
Paik JH, Kang S, Durey A, Kim JH, Kim AJ. Symptomatic bradycardia due to nicotine intoxication. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2018;30(1):121–126. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5885240/.
-
Miller A. Nicotine poisoning increases due to e-cigarettes. CMAJ. 2014;186(10):E367. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4081231/.
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National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health. Health effects of e-cigarette use among U.S. youth and young adults. In: E-cigarette use among youth and young adults: A report of the Surgeon General Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2016. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538688/?report=reader.
Hidden Drugs and Poisons
Vape pods could also include other drugs and poisons that will harm your body. One such substance is etomidate, an anaesthetic meant for controlled hospital use that can be dangerous when misused. One puff could shut down your body and leave you unconscious, fighting for your life before help even arrives.
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You could black out without warning, putting you in dangerous situations especially if you're alone or in public1
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Your adrenal glands can get shut down, so even minor illnesses or injuries can become serious or life-threatening2
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Can harm you from the inside by disrupting your hormones and messing with your blood pressure3
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Can cause seizures, breathing problems, or even shock4
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Yeung JK, Zed PJ. A review of etomidate for rapid sequence intubation in the emergency department. Can J Emerg Med. 2002;4(3):194–198. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-journal-of-emergency-medicine/article/review-of-etomidate-for-rapid-sequence-intubation-in-the-emergency-department/A864B26D10CA7F61DF74757241E01CBE
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Sunshine JE, Deem S, Weiss NS, et al. Etomidate, adrenal function, and mortality in critically ill patients. Respir Care. 2013 Apr;58(4):639–646. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22906838/
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Albert SG, Sitaula S. Etomidate, adrenal insufficiency and mortality associated with severity of illness: a meta-analysis. J Intensive Care Med. 2021 Oct;36(10):1124–1129. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32912050/
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Williams LM, Boyd KL, Fitzgerald BM. Etomidate. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan. PMID: 30570985. Bookshelf ID NBK535364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535364/ Perier F, Chateauneuf AL, Jacq G, et al. Comparison of etomidate and sodium thiopental for induction during rapid sequence intubation in convulsive status epilepticus: a retrospective single-center study. Seizure. 2018 Oct;61:170–176. https://www.seizure-journal.com/article/S1059-1311%2818%2930421-7/fulltext
Cancerous Chemicals
Not just nicotine — you could be exposed to substances known to cause cancer over time.1
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You could be consuming formaldehyde, benzene, heavy metals and more
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Long-term exposure increases risk of lung, throat, and blood cancers2
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Some chemicals are even found in car exhaust and paint thinners
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Damage happens quietly, over time
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Shehata SA, Toraih EA, Ismail EA, Hagras AM, Elmorsy E, Fawzy MS. Vaping, Environmental Toxicants Exposure, and Lung Cancer Risk. Cancers (Basel). 2023 Sep 12;15(18):4525. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10526315/
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Sahu R, Shah K, Malviya R, Paliwal D, Sagar S, Singh S, Prajapati BG, Bhattacharya S. E-Cigarettes and Associated Health Risks: An Update on Cancer Potential. Adv Respir Med. 2023 Nov 14;91(6):516-531. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10660480/
Particulate Matter
Tiny particles get deep into your lungs when you vape.2 They can cause swelling and make it harder for you to breathe. Particulate matter is harmful to vapers as well as others in the same indoor space.
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Can cause lung inflammation1
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Triggers shortness of breath and chronic coughing
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Can worsen asthma or respiratory issues
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Linked to long-term lung damage
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Park JA, Crotty Alexander LE, Christiani DC. Vaping and lung inflammation and injury. Annu Rev Physiol. 2022;84:611–629. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10228557/.
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Allbright K, Villandre J, Crotty Alexander LE, Zhang M, Benam KH, Evankovich J, et al. The paradox of the safer cigarette: understanding the pulmonary effects of electronic cigarettes. Eur Respir J. 2024 Jun 28;63(6):2301494. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12077657/.
Looks cool? Maybe. Harmful? Definitely. Vaping causes Diseased Heart, Addicted Brain, and Popcorn Lungs. Don’t collect them at all.
Harmful chemicals spike heart rate and blood pressure, weakening the heart over time.
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Spiked pulse, raised heart rate and blood pressure
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Breathlessness when active
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Dizziness or chest pain after vaping
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Heart attack risk increased along with stroke
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Reduced stamina from heart and lung strain
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Reduced blood flow limiting oxygen 1>
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Simovic T, Matheson C, Cobb K, Heefner A, Thode C, Colon M, et al. Young users of electronic cigarettes exhibit reduced cardiorespiratory fitness. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2024 Sep 1;137(3):569–580 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38990977/
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Kuntic M, Oelze M, Steven S, Kröller-Schön S, Stamm P, Kalinovic S, et al. Short-term e-cigarette vapour exposure causes vascular oxidative stress and dysfunction: evidence for a close connection to brain damage and a key role of the phagocytic NADPH oxidase (NOX-2). Eur Heart J. 2020 Jul 7;41(26):2472–2483. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7340357/
Vaping doesn’t just hit your lungs — it messes with your brain too. Nicotine tricks your brain’s reward system, triggering cravings and dependence. The longer you stay hooked, the harder it gets to think clearly, focus, and stay in control.
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Mental fog at school or work
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Mood swings such as irritability when not vaping
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Vape dependence to relieve stress
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Nicotine Dependence can cause memory and judgement changes
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Compromised brain function memory and decision-making
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Mental health risks include depression and anxiety
Chemicals found in vapes scar the delicate tissue inside your lungs. Over time, this damage makes it harder to breathe, even during simple activities like walking or climbing stairs. What feels easy today could become a struggle tomorrow.
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Shortness of breath even during simple tasks
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Frequent coughing and wheezing
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Chest tightness and discomfort
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Lung damage reducing oxygen intake
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Weak stamina making physical activity more difficult over time1
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Ammar H, Hashish R, Ali SM, Salem A, Hagras A. Evaluation of functional aerobic exercise capacity among chronic e-cigarette users compared to combustible cigarette smokers and non-smokers: a comparative study. Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy. 2023;28:43 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374896511_Evaluation_of_functional_aerobic_exercise_capacity_among_chronic_e-cigarette_users_compared_to_combustible_cigarette_smokers_and_non-smokers_a_comparative_study
Harmful chemicals spike heart rate and blood pressure, weakening the heart over time.
-
Spiked pulse, raised heart rate and blood pressure
-
Breathlessness when active
-
Dizziness or chest pain after vaping
-
Heart attack risk increased along with stroke
-
Reduced stamina from heart and lung strain
-
Reduced blood flow limiting oxygen 1>
-
Simovic T, Matheson C, Cobb K, Heefner A, Thode C, Colon M, et al. Young users of electronic cigarettes exhibit reduced cardiorespiratory fitness. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2024 Sep 1;137(3):569–580 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38990977/
-
Kuntic M, Oelze M, Steven S, Kröller-Schön S, Stamm P, Kalinovic S, et al. Short-term e-cigarette vapour exposure causes vascular oxidative stress and dysfunction: evidence for a close connection to brain damage and a key role of the phagocytic NADPH oxidase (NOX-2). Eur Heart J. 2020 Jul 7;41(26):2472–2483. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7340357/
Vaping doesn’t just hit your lungs — it messes with your brain too. Nicotine tricks your brain’s reward system, triggering cravings and dependence. The longer you stay hooked, the harder it gets to think clearly, focus, and stay in control.
-
Mental fog at school or work
-
Mood swings such as irritability when not vaping
-
Vape dependence to relieve stress
-
Nicotine Dependence can cause memory and judgement changes
-
Compromised brain function memory and decision-making
-
Mental health risks include depression and anxiety
Chemicals found in vapes scar the delicate tissue inside your lungs. Over time, this damage makes it harder to breathe, even during simple activities like walking or climbing stairs. What feels easy today could become a struggle tomorrow.
-
Shortness of breath even during simple tasks
-
Frequent coughing and wheezing
-
Chest tightness and discomfort
-
Lung damage reducing oxygen intake
-
Weak stamina making physical activity more difficult over time1
-
Ammar H, Hashish R, Ali SM, Salem A, Hagras A. Evaluation of functional aerobic exercise capacity among chronic e-cigarette users compared to combustible cigarette smokers and non-smokers: a comparative study. Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy. 2023;28:43 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374896511_Evaluation_of_functional_aerobic_exercise_capacity_among_chronic_e-cigarette_users_compared_to_combustible_cigarette_smokers_and_non-smokers_a_comparative_study
Vaping Is Illegal and It Will Cost You!
Vaping is prohibited by law in Singapore. Just owning one could mean a fine of up to $2,000. Caught dealing? A $10,000 fine or 6 months in prison. Caught again? That’s $20,000 and a year behind bars. In short: Not worth the risk. Learn more about the legislation on the prohibition of harmful and imitation tobacco products.
Vaping is illegal in Singapore.
Simply purchasing, using or owning an electronic vaporiser or vape results in fines of up to $2,000.
It is also prohibited to import into Singapore, or distribute, sell, offer for sale or possess for sale in Singapore, any imitation tobacco products. When caught, the person shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction —
A) to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both, unless paragraph (b) applies; or
B) if the person has any previous qualifying conviction, to a fine not exceeding $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both.
Vaping isn't harmless. Enticing ads and peer pressure exploit curiosity to spread mistruths. Stay sharp, know the real story, and protect your health.
The Hearsay
If it looks trendy and cool in ads, it must be harmless.
The Truth
Don’t be fooled, the trendy designs mask a toxic chemical trap. Would you really call addictive chemicals harmless?
The Hearsay
Vaping is the healthier way to quit smoking.
The Truth
Many users end up addicted to both vape and cigarettes. Is it really healthier or twice as harmful?
The Hearsay
Everyone's doing it, so it must be fine.
The Truth
Vaping is illegal and addictive and will cost your health. How is that fine?
The Hearsay
If it looks trendy and cool in ads, it must be harmless.
The Truth
Don’t be fooled, the trendy designs mask a toxic chemical trap. Would you really call addictive chemicals harmless?
The Hearsay
Vaping is the healthier way to quit smoking.
The Truth
Many users end up addicted to both vape and cigarettes. Is it really healthier or twice as harmful?
Hover over each technique to learn more.
Beat the urge to vape. Swap cravings for feel-good activities — at work or at home — that refresh your body and mind.
Feeling the urge? Stall for time with a quick video or call a friend. Cravings usually pass in a few minutes.
Focus on your breathing. Take a 5-minute break to reset — anytime, anywhere — and let the urge to vape pass.
Swap the vape for a sip — water, milk, or tea can help.
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The Hearsay
Everyone's doing it, so it must be fine.
The Truth
Vaping is illegal and addictive and will cost your health. How is that fine?